I just started earning and have nothing invested
If that is you, here is what this situation usually involves, in the order it usually comes up: the things worth checking, what each one is, and where the arithmetic for it lives. None of it says what to do.
- A cash cushion is one to three months of expenses kept somewhere plain and reachable; what one month of your own bills comes to is the first number worth knowing.
- Whether your employer matches retirement contributions, and the formula: a match is money the employer offers only on the part of pay that is contributed, and what is not contributed up to the match is offered and kept.
- Whether your health plan is a high deductible plan, which is what opens a health savings account, the one account that skips tax on the way in, while it grows, and on the way out for medical costs.
- A Roth IRA is open to anyone under its income limit; the arithmetic turns on one number, your tax rate now against your tax rate when the money comes out, and at a low rate now the tax paid today is a known small figure.
- What a broad index fund holds, what it costs each year, and how that compares with the fund's alternatives, which is the comparison the fee calculator prints in dollars.
- Options, crypto, and single stocks are where money that was needed later most often disappears; the guides below show the arithmetic of each before any of it is real.
Read these
An account is not an investment
Workplace plans: the 401(k), the 403(b), and the TSP, from the first paycheck to the last
The health savings account: three tax breaks and one gate
Roth or traditional: two jars, one tax bill
Funds: what you actually own when you buy one
What a one percent fee costs over a working life
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